{"id":958,"date":"2024-05-28T19:46:38","date_gmt":"2024-05-28T19:46:38","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.spktechfit.com\/?p=958"},"modified":"2024-06-14T03:20:22","modified_gmt":"2024-06-14T03:20:22","slug":"9-ip-routing-part-2","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.spktechfit.com\/?p=958","title":{"rendered":"9. IP Routing Part 2"},"content":{"rendered":"<h2>Subnetting<\/h2>\n<h3>IPv4 Address Classes<\/h3>\n<p>The IPv4 address space is divided into 5 classes (A to E) each of which is designed for a particular purpose.<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-964 aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/www.spktechfit.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/9.1.2.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"652\" height=\"240\" \/><\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-965 aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/www.spktechfit.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/9.2.2.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"310\" height=\"162\" \/><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Class A: the first octet is between 0 and 127. The first octet (8 bits) is reserved for the network ID which means 3 octets (24 bits) are available for hosts on the network<\/li>\n<li>Class B: the first octet is between 128 and 191. The first two (16 bits) octets are reserved for the network ID which means the last 2 octets (16 bits) are available for hosts on the network<\/li>\n<li>Class C: the first octet is between 192 and 223. The first three (24 bits) octets are reserved for the network ID which means the last 1 octet (8 bits) are available for hosts on the network<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>IPv4 Address Classes<\/h3>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>Reserved Addresses<\/strong><br \/>\nIn any network there are 2 reserved addresses that cannot be assigned to hosts:<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>Network ID or Network Number: EG: 192.168.1.0<\/li>\n<li>Broadcast address. EG: 192.168.1.255<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p><strong>Calculating hosts in a network<\/strong><br \/>\nThe formula for this is 2^n where n is the host bits<br \/>\nEG:<br \/>\nClass A Network: 2^24 = 16,777,216, then minus 2 reserved addresses = 16,777,214<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2>Private and Public IP Addressing<\/h2>\n<p>The IPv4 address scope is broken into Private and public addresses.<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\" wp-image-961 aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/www.spktechfit.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/9.3.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"764\" height=\"362\" \/><\/p>\n<h3>Classful Networks Disadvantages<\/h3>\n<p style=\"margin: 0in; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11.0pt;\">The disadvantage with Classful networks is that you are locked into certain network sizes that may not suit your needs.<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-962 aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/www.spktechfit.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/9.4.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"565\" height=\"164\" \/><\/p>\n<p><strong>Subnetting<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Subnetting fixes this issue by allowing you to break up a single classful network into smaller networks called subnetworks, or subnets for short. This allows you to create logical networks to fit your physical infrastructure needs.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Subnet Masking Using Binary<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-963 aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/www.spktechfit.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/9.5.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"819\" height=\"395\" \/><\/p>\n<p>To accomplish subnetting you must use a custom network mask. The diagram above shows borrowing masked bits from the portion of this Host ID to create subnets. This mask is known as a subnet mask, and it is a classless mask.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Subnetting IPv4 Address Classes The IPv4 address space is divided into 5 classes (A to E) each of which is designed for a particular purpose. Class A: the first octet is between 0 and 127. The first octet (8 bits) is reserved for the network ID which means 3 octets (24 bits) are available for [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"om_disable_all_campaigns":false,"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[17],"tags":[],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.spktechfit.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/958"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.spktechfit.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.spktechfit.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.spktechfit.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.spktechfit.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=958"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/www.spktechfit.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/958\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":968,"href":"https:\/\/www.spktechfit.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/958\/revisions\/968"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.spktechfit.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=958"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.spktechfit.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=958"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.spktechfit.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=958"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}